Research has shown that Plio-Pleistocene calcretes (3.5 to 1 million years ago), which are widely distributed across North Africa and the Middle East, record climatic conditions that were considerably wetter than those of today. Their formation suggests a strongly seasonal climate, with wet winters favoring carbonate dissolution and long, dry summers promoting carbonate precipitation. However, the origin of precipitation remains uncertain, whether Mediterranean or North Atlantic, as does the nature of the vegetation that prevailed at that time. To improve the reconstruction of these ancient environments, this research uses oxygen (δ¹⁸O) and carbon (δ¹³C) isotopes preserved in continental carbonates, including calcretes and speleothems. The δ¹³C values provide information on climatic conditions and vegetation types, particularly C3 plants associated with temperate environments and C4 plants associated with more arid environments. The δ¹⁸O values help identify precipitation sources and the climatic factors influencing them, including evaporation source, latitude, altitude, continentality, and rainfall intensity.