This research area aims to characterize unconventional source rocks (oil and gas shales) in order to assess their hydrocarbon potential. The study addresses the depositional environment, mineralogical composition, organic matter richness, maturity level, and petrophysical properties of the shales. Particular attention is given to porosity, its connectivity, and the adsorption and desorption mechanisms of hydrocarbons, controlled notably by organic matter and clay minerals. These parameters are essential for identifying the most promising areas and optimizing exploitation strategies for unconventional hydrocarbon resources.